Top 20 Natural Monuments in Biscay
Best natural monuments in Biscay showcase a diverse landscape, from dramatic coastlines to expansive natural parks. These sites are recognized for their unique geological formations and rich biodiversity. The region offers a variety of outdoor experiences, including mountains, beaches, and protected reserves. Many locations also hold cultural significance within the Spanish Basque Country.
Best natural monuments in Biscay
- The most popular natural monument is Saint John of Gaztelugatxe, a historical site and natural monument renowned for its exceptional panorama…
Last updated: April 28, 2026
Saint John of Gaztelugatxe
Highlight (Segment) • Historical Site
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La Arena Beach
Highlight • Beach
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Artzubi Bridge
Highlight • Bridge
The itinerary of the Camino de Santiago from the north or from the coast runs over it.
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Oma Forest
Highlight • Forest
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Anboto (1,331 m)
Highlight • Summit
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Views over the Urdaibai marsh
Highlight • Viewpoint
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Butrón Castle
Highlight • Castle
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Matxitxako Lighthouse
Highlight • Monument
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Old Tree of Gernika (Gernikako Arbola)
Highlight • Natural Monument
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Gorbea Summit
Highlight • Summit
Emblematic peak of Alava and Vizcaya. Accesses from countless places such as the Londegorta.Sarria.Belaustegui or Pagomakurre reservoir
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Popular around Biscay
Euskal Herria footpath (GR 12) – The infinite mountain range
Road to Lisbon – bikepacking the Alps, Pyrenees and Picos de Europa
Legendary climbs - Ports of La Vuelta a España
Royal Road of La Sopeña - GR 284
Nature and Culture — The Tour of Urdaibai (GR 98)
Zazpiak Bat Packing – a cycling adventure in the Basque Country
Across the Basque Mountains - Vuelta al Duranguesado (GR 229)
A Basque Country bike Tour – Montes de Hierro Greenway
Mountains with tradition in Spain’s Basque Country – Shepherd's Path (GR 282)
A paradise of contrasts – Uribe-Kosta Trail (GR 280)
Other adventures in Biscay
Tips from the Community
Definitely a highlight, but unfortunately, the castle was covered in scaffolding when I visited. The castle dates back to the Middle Ages but was later almost completely rebuilt.
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A beautiful vantage point. If the season is right, there's also the opportunity to watch whales. The path further to Gaztelugatxe, however, requires pushing because it's very overgrown. We didn't go far, but turned around and drove back along the road.
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From the lighthouse you have a 270° view on the coast, very clear on st juan de Gaztelugatxe, perfect spot for some scenic pictures!
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The Oma Forest - Omako basoa in Basque - is also known as the painted forest, the enchanted forest or even the Ibarrola Forest. Its most common name - Oma Forest - refers to the district in which it is located, which belongs to the municipality of Kortezubi. This original work of art was created between 1982 and 1985, when the Basque painter and sculptor Agustín Ibarrola used the trunks of trees as a kind of canvas for a total of 47 images. On them he painted animals, geometric figures and people, or just parts of them, such as eyes and lips. In addition, many of the compositions do not consist of a single tree, but must be viewed in the context of several tree trunks. To do this, you must pay attention to the signs on the ground that tell the viewer where to stand in order to enjoy the whole image.
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When the Condor attacked, the residents of Guernica tried to protect the tree with their bodies because it is sacred to the Basques. Even today, elected politicians have to swear their loyalty to the Basque Country at an oak tree that stands a few meters away.
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In 1982, artist Agustín Ibarrola began painting the pine trees in the forest near his homestead with the intention of using the landscape as a canvas to give continuity to his artistic expression. It is at this moment when he decides to break the law of perspective and transgress the three-dimensionality of a white line until it becomes two-dimensional. From then on, he explored the possibilities offered by the arrangement of the forest trees, playing with the different planes of depth and creating artistic sets composed of human figures, curves or straight lines, and circles of intense colors. The ideas and concepts that it develops become more complex and advances in various directions as the painted forest expands. With the help of two students from the Faculty of Fine Arts of the UPV/EHU, he carried out a large part of the work that was open to the public until 2018, at which time the biological cycle of the forest came to an end. Given the importance that the work had acquired, the Provincial Council of Bizkaia began the process of making the Forest last, for which it had from the first moment the support of the artist who had made clear his desire for the forest to survive. In this way and in order to preserve El Bosque de Oma, the Ibarrola work has been moved to a new location, also recovering original artistic ensembles lost due to felling, attacks and natural tree falls. Today we can enjoy El Bosque de Oma more complete and more faithful to the artist's original idea.
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The Forest of Oma is one of the best-known works of the Basque artist Agustín Ibarrola and is an expression of the artistic movement known as Art and Nature, which emerged in the late sixties of the 20th century and whose purpose is to convey artistic work to the natural environment, using the landscape as a framework, support and raw material for the artist. The work, located in the town of Kortezubi (Bizkaia), is made up of several sets of geometric motifs and figures painted on the trunk of radiata pine trees. The use of natural living supports, the play of two-three-dimensionality and the experience of placing the visitor at the center of the work of art through his discovery, as well as the diversity of responses it proposes, make this work a reference of the Art and Nature movement and of Basque Art in particular.
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Cool castle, graceful as it stands there. By the way, a really beautiful hiking area.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What are some of the most popular natural monuments to visit in Biscay?
Biscay offers a variety of stunning natural monuments. Among the most popular is Saint John of Gaztelugatxe, an extraordinary islet with a hermitage reached by 241 steps, famous for its views and historical significance. Another beloved spot is La Arena Beach, known for its expansive sandbank and popularity for surfing. For mountain enthusiasts, Anboto (1,331 m) is a prominent summit with cultural importance in Basque mythology.
Are there natural monuments in Biscay that are suitable for families?
Yes, several natural monuments in Biscay are family-friendly. The Oma Forest, located within the Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve, is a unique and enchanting experience with trees painted by artist Agustín Ibarrola, creating a magical atmosphere for all ages. Views over the Urdaibai marsh also offer accessible and beautiful scenery for families.
What kind of geological features can I expect to see in Biscay's natural monuments?
Biscay's natural monuments showcase diverse geological formations. You can explore dramatic coastal features at places like Saint John of Gaztelugatxe, or the expansive sandbanks of La Arena Beach. Inland, areas like Urkiola Natural Park and Gorbeia Natural Park are characterized by steep limestone mountains and significant karst formations, including numerous caves and chasms. Armañón Natural Park is particularly renowned for its impressive karst landscapes and the Pozalagua Cave, which boasts an exceptional number of eccentric stalactites.
What outdoor activities can I do near the natural monuments in Biscay?
Many natural monuments in Biscay are excellent starting points for outdoor activities. You can find numerous hiking opportunities, such as the 'San Juan de Gaztelugatxe and its viewpoints' trail or the 'Anboto Loop Trail'. For cycling enthusiasts, routes like 'Altos de Urkiola y Muniketa — circular by the Urkiola Natural Park' offer challenging rides. You can explore more options for hiking and road cycling in Biscay.
Are there any natural monuments with historical or cultural significance in Biscay?
Absolutely. Saint John of Gaztelugatxe is not only a natural wonder but also a historical site with a hermitage dating back centuries and a local tradition of ringing its bell. The Old Tree of Gernika (Gernikako Arbola) is a powerful symbol of Basque liberties. Additionally, Anboto (1,331 m) holds significance in traditional Basque culture as the main dwelling of the goddess Mari.
What is the best time of year to visit the natural monuments in Biscay?
The best time to visit Biscay's natural monuments generally depends on the activity. Spring and autumn offer pleasant temperatures for hiking and exploring natural parks like Urkiola and Gorbeia, with lush landscapes and fewer crowds. Summer is ideal for coastal areas and beaches like La Arena Beach, though popular sites can be busy. Winter can be beautiful for mountain scenery, but some higher trails may be challenging due to snow or wet conditions.
Are there any natural monuments in Biscay that are UNESCO sites?
Yes, the Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve, which encompasses sites like the Oma Forest and offers views over the Urdaibai marsh, was designated a UNESCO Heritage site in 1984. It is recognized for its unique marshes, high biodiversity, and its crucial role for migratory birds.
Can I find easy walking trails near natural monuments in Biscay?
Yes, there are several easy walking trails available. For instance, the 'Saldropo Wetland Loop' in Gorbeia Natural Park offers a gentle walk through an ecologically significant wetland. You can also find easy routes like the 'Bilbao City Highlights Trail' which, while urban, connects to natural elements. More easy hikes can be found in the Easy hikes in Biscay guide.
Where can I experience unique natural phenomena or landscapes in Biscay?
For unique landscapes, visit the Oma Forest with its painted trees. In Gorbeia Natural Park, the Itxina Protected Biotope features labyrinthine caves and chasms, and the 'Ojo de Atxular' offers exceptional panoramic views through a hole in the rocks. Armañón Natural Park is home to the Pozalagua Cave, famous for its eccentric stalactites.
Are there opportunities for birdwatching near Biscay's natural monuments?
Yes, the Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve is an excellent location for birdwatching. As a UNESCO site, it's a crucial route for migratory birds and features a Bird Observation Center, making it ideal for observing numerous species that pass through its unique marshes and river valleys.
What should I know about visiting San Juan de Gaztelugatxe?
To visit Saint John of Gaztelugatxe, it's highly recommended to get free tickets online in advance, especially due to its popularity after being featured in 'Game of Thrones'. The ascent to the hermitage involves 241 steps, which can be arduous but offers unforgettable views of the wild Cantabrian coast. The hermitage itself is often locked, but the experience and views are well worth the effort.
Are there any natural parks in Biscay with religious or mythical significance?
Urkiola Natural Park is deeply steeped in local legends and myths, particularly those associated with Mari, the queen of all genies in Basque mythology, who is said to reside in its caves. The park also hosts the Shrine of San Antonio Abad and San Antonio de Padua, making it a site of religious pilgrimage. Gorbeia Natural Park, centered around Mount Gorbeia, features a prominent cross at its summit, a symbol for Christians.
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